MICROECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE CRUDE OIL MARKET

Included from the table also are reasons to which numerous analysis attributed adjust in crude oil prices. As the details presented within the table indicate, the price for West Texas Intermediate crude oil follows a pattern that commonly is similar to that of Brent crude oil, while the price for West Texas Intermediate crude tends to become greater than that for Brent crude.

The mean price for Brent crude oil over the 25-month period was $27.80/b, compared having a mean cost of $29.96/b for West Texas Intermediate crude. The table also means that the factors attributed by analysts for crude oil price behavior was a lot more often expected changes in crude oil provide than it was either (a) expected changes in demand or (b) actual supply and demand changes.

Table 1: Crude Oil Price Behavior ? March 2001 to April 2003 [Price = US$ per barrel] War related bad supply expectations As indicated in Graph 2, inside period previous to the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, aggregate demand for crude oil, though it was declining, remained high and caused the AD curve to intersect to SRAS curve for the right of the LRAS curve and the price for crude oil remained over the equilibrium price. Following 11 September, however, demand for crude oil dropped sharply; the AD curve shifted sharply towards left, causing the AD curve to interest in the SRAS curve well towards left with the LRAS curve, of the price dropping below the equilibrium price. 9. Oil costs a gas market factor. (2003, February 3). Oil and Gas Journal, 101(5), 5.

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Men's Warehouse

Quality level is really a merchandise characteristic applied broadly by The Men's Warehouse firm to build buyer value. The business makes a solid work to assure that low high quality level solutions are not sold through its stores.

Styling is often a second item characteristic utilized by The Men's Warehouse stores to create consumer value. The firm's consumers assure that each traditional style and modern style clothing merchandise are offered to consumers at its stores.

Brand name is often a merchandise characteristic employed broadly by The Men's Warehouse corporation to build consumer importance in its stores. Rather than buy clothing for resale from low cost, job great deal manufacturers, The Men's Warehouse contracts with well recognized brand name manufacturers for ones clothing goods sold in its stores. Because of the discount pricing strategy followed by The Men's Warehouse firm, these brand name manufacturers not only don't participate in cooperative promotion with the Men's Warehouse firm, the manufacturers will not permit their brand names to become employed in promoting by The Men's Warehouse company. The brand name labels, however, do seem inside clothing solutions sold during the Men's Warehouse stores.

Product positioning refers on the location sought for your item from the industry (Murphy and Enis, 1990, p. 278

 

A successful sales system also depends upon the stability of a sales force. The obvious merchandise to this issue stands out as the development of organizational commitment over a component of person sales persons. The relevant question, however, is how very best to develop this sort of a commitment.

The creation of buyer values at The Men's Warehouse company was regarded as in the spheres of (1) item characteristics, (2) marketing systems, and (3) The Men's Warehouse employees (the company's people). Buyer importance in these contexts was defined as some thing of value to the client which will bring about the customer to be a repeat shopper at the company. The buyer values now becoming made at The Men's Warehouse business had been identified strongly with every on the three spheres of interest (1) solution characteristics, (2) promoting systems, and (3) The Men's Warehouse employees (the company's people). These buyer values had been associated with (1) merchandise top quality level, (2) item styling, (3) merchandise brand name, (4) item positioning, (4) pricing strategies, and (5) individual selling efforts. Even though each of these instances in the creation of client significance contributes towards the overall business strategy, the company emphasis from the creation of client importance tends to be on item characteristics and pricing strategy.

Principles and 2. Another on the universal issues concerns the capacity buyer. In this context, the successful sales individual have to determine the buyer's needs. The successful sales individual will then discover methods to satisfy the buyer's needs, and assure how the business can follow via on fulfillment. Training in the context of these reasons will create an improved sales staff at The Men's Warehouse stores. In turn, these much more effective sales folks will produce additional importance for the shoppers on the Men's.

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GDP: Measurement of National Economy

The actual swap was made because Gross domestic product is actually considered to be "a much better measure of short-term monitoring and analysis of the U.S. economy" . Using the actual GDP also enables less difficult comparisons of the economic activity of the U.S. as well as other nations around the world. The modification withinside Washington is made within an extensive "work to go towards a couple of global guidelines with regard to economic activity" .

Inside a region such as the Yooughout. s. S., GDP as well as GNP "are not much different in magnitude," particularly in evaluation to the difference in less-developed nations where earnings are released and also the Gnp displays merely a fairly small percentage of the nation's economic activity. In the United States the particular GDP is actually compiled on the every 3 months schedule through the Department of commerce. The data are accrued through "a small affiliate marketer of people," each of which thinks responsibility for a product or number of goods by performing surveys and also residing in contact "using the major suppliers and stores so that you can present their own quantities" (Kacapyr 9).

Regrettably, estimations has to be produced from this particular info which apply to other suppliers and merchants. These kinds of estimations usually are certainly not constantly correct, especially because "the most energetic areas of the economy are usually little companies continually getting into all night to bankrupt, which might not be surveyed". There are lots of utilizes that GDP can be used. For instance, GDP per brain, which can be GDP split through populace dimensions, "is an excellent guide to living requirements [which usually] implicitly permits qualitative factors such as reading and writing or health despite the fact that these aren't protected straight" (Economist 43).

Or even there is certainly federal authorities investing like a proportion associated with GDP, that is an important thought withinside political and state policies. However the main usage of Gross domestic product is undoubtedly the actual dimension regarding growth. The particular once-a-year growth rate, which is the particular proportion change from 12 months to the next, is actually determined simply by simply subtracting the year before (Yb) from the existing 12 months (YA), dividing all of these simply by simply Yb as well as growing the effect through 100%. A positive end consequence shows that the actual economy is expanding and a unfavorable result shows shrinkage, which usually means economic downturn.

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WorldwideMarketing of Footwear

Initially, Nike founders Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight were focused on the development of an powerful promotion venue for imported athletic footwear. This changed as the company moved aggressively to the development of high-tech, low-priced athletic shoes to meet emerging industry needs (Nikebiz.com, 2, p. 1).

The firm's goal is to always surpass its personal sales and promoting achievements and to continue moving into new marketplace sectors even though constantly improving its items (Cassidy, 1, p. 26). Nike has doubled in size mainly because 1995, moving from its status being a $4.8 billion business to a company capable of producing almost $10 billion in sales. More than time, says Cassidy (1, p. 26), Nike has created a confident invincibility that has been as much a part of its brand identity as its ubiquitous Swoosh. Its brand equity is strong and consistently appealing to consumers. It uses innovative promotion and positioning techniques to achieve its industry of shoppers in numerous age groups. It employs slogans, sponsorships and endorsements, the famous "Swoosh" label, along with other issues including the "Just Do It" slogan to maintain its distinct brand image as the premier athletic shore brand.

The swoosh's closest rival, Reebok, shifted promotion gears yet again. Early last year, Reebok heralded a brand new "Defy convention" campaign with advertising and marketing touting antiestablishment rebelliousness?. Steady performer New Balance, that will introduce a line of basketball shoes this fall, jumped to third location in sales more than Adidas, despite spending a small more than one-third as significantly on its marketing in 2001."

 

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US Airways Cut Company Contributions to Employee Retirement Plans

A company's decision to cut pension plan contributions puts employees in the middle of two unsavory alternatives. On the one hand, unions and employees groups are up in arms when companies reduce employee retirement benefits, which workers have come to expect and rely on. On the other hand, in the case of ailing companies such as US Airways, such cost-cutting measures may be a means to save a company from financial ruin, a situation that could cost workers not only company retirement contributions but the employees' jobs as well. Adding to this dilemma is the fact that many workers have portions of their portfolio invested in company stock. A company's poor performance due to financial difficulties lowers the value of employee-held stock, which additionally threatens employees' retirement. Whether a company reduces employee benefits to improve share price or maintains those benefits and sees a loss in profitability, leading to a reduction in share values.

In the near future, many employees may face reduced retirement benefits similar to those of US Airways employees. More and more, it will be up to employees to fund and manage their own retirement investments.

In his book Prophecy Robert Kiyosaki notes that this change began occurring long before the current business cycle with the passing of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974, which ushered in defined contribution retirement plans to replace defined benefit plans of the previous generation (Kiyosaki, 2002). Whereas defined benefit plans, as the name implies, defined a benefit an employee was to receive upon retirement, defined contribution plans require an employee to contribute to his or her own retirement fund - typically a 401(k) - with the employer matching the contribution. Thus the employer retains responsibility to assist the employee in building a retirement fund but is longer responsible for the quantity of the payout upon retirement.

 

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The Fast Food Industry Situation

Some Pizza Hut locations are combined with KFC locations; in these situations, pizza can also be ordered at the drive-through. Alternative in these situations is limited to one or two choices, and to either tiny or medium pizzas. In other words, the pizzas aren't made to order.

Since this can be a new company which is proposing to enter the drive-through pizza business, the main strength is in its personnel and its capitalization. The key personnel at the company have all worked in fast foods previous to (some in management and some at the restaurant level), and 2 have worked inside the pizza segment. The company currently plans to open four locations, with 1 with the senior men and women on-site at every location. Purchasing for your stores will be done centrally to consume advantage of range discounts exactly where possible.

Each on the seven partners has contributed $100,000, and much more capital has been obtained from venture capitalists. It's assumed that the total capitalization need to be over adequate to cover the company's needs to your foreseeable future. However, the company intends to turn a profit after a couple of years rather than the traditional 5 years, and expects that the contribution inside company will likely be enough to meet the operating needs.

 

Over the very first quarter, mailings will be sent to residences inside the area using bulk mail rates to invite residents to try the new location and using the free soft drink as an incentive. In addition, every store will provide a "Buy 12 Get One Free" card that is certainly good at any of the other stores. In this way, shoppers are encouraged to purchase 12 very own pizzas and receive their 13th for free; they are going to be given modest cardboard cards which will be punched each time they make a purchase. The cards may be the size of credit rating cards so that they can be put into wallets and carried easily, and the time it takes to program the cards usually do not detract much inside time it takes to eat the order and send the customer on his way.

All with the locations in question have effortless entry to a couple of streets, all are located at major intersections, and only a single does not have left-turn access. 2 are located at the edges of residential neighborhoods which lead to retail areas, although the other a couple of are located in commercial areas with numerous big corporations inside the vicinity. The very first 2 locations are expected being busier from the evening as workers return house while the second two locations are expected being busier at lunch as workers run errands and try to take in lunch in a finite period of time.

Pricing will be $3.49 for a cheese pizza, $3.99 for a own pepperoni pizza, and $4.25 for your combination with the day. Person slices will likely be 99 cents regardless of the flavor. Soft drinks is going to be 89 cents for ones 12-ounce size and 99 cents to your 16-ounce size. In this way, a customer could have a own pizza and drink for under five dollars, which makes this a strong advertising program.

At the end on the first six months, the business hopes to be able to advertise on local radio stations, including the morning drive shows as well as the evening drive shows. The target demographics are going to be ages 24-35 mainly because these persons are more possibly to be each able to afford to acquire.

 

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The First Four Sections of Scaling the Corporate Wall

At the core of Coase's discussion may be the role of the creative manager, that may be to say the entrepreneur who organizes, experiments with, or otherwise "directs" (1997, pp. 3-4) the disposition of scarce resources to become used during the formation with the firm. This is an influential problem because it goes to ratios of human behavior, in particular management behavior, within the corporate context, that is certainly the subject of so much subsequent commentary and theorizing.

Acknowledging Coase's contribution, Demsetz nevertheless abstracts from him, a lot more sharply defining the organization in terms in the formation and performance of multiple "contracts," which secure over a firm's behalf agents of the knowledge base (esp. p. 25) and productive expertise, which in turn are coordinated towards firm's benefit by management. Now these kinds of coordination cannot take location in a vacuum, although much business/corporate commentary tends to imply that the only environment relevant to corporate behavior is that with the market. This is in which the posts by Carman and Harris turn out to be relevant, for they make the point how the marketplace doesn't behave at the convenience of the business but that organizations attempt to manipulate the marketplace to their advantage and more, to promote the fiction that these kinds of manipulation is in reality the operation of perfectly functioning markets guided by an invisible hand of natural regulation and competition.

From Taka's realistic appraisal of why cultural encounter can leave participants unsatisfied, Scaling the Corporate Wall following turns to a commonsense appraisal of why theory can leave practitioners unsatisfied. Bratton essentially counsels against the temptation to create as well much of the science or learn of management as various from a philosophy of management that may be programmatically imbued with or responding on the consequences of action. From ethics to economics to contracts to corporate law, the real action in any theory from the corporate business takes place, not in the realm of legal academic theoretical discussion but rather inside real-world realm. The interplay of competing real-world forces that make up the structure of a organization reveal firm/corporate theory; theory doesn't reveal how a organization is or even must be structured. Indeed, to structure a business to fit a given theory (as is really a pastime of contractual legal theory that points toward the Firm as ideal form) is to build theory paramount and to diminish the value in the info with the corporate culture situation itself.

But even structures of critical considering have limits, not least of them getting the prevailing social culture where ethics difficulties arise. In explaining Japanese leadership and ethical style, Taka reinforces the view that the perspective from which Japanese corporate culture functions is abstract in the context of Japanese culture and tradition but over a whole opaque to external observation and commentary. Idealism and spiritualism are cultural icons in Japan in general; incredibly well, but being a practical matter the social dimension of company ethics is subject to definition according to a "concentric circle" of experienced and desired corporation realities. The circle defines the scope and limit of idealism and spiritualism, which themselves have contributed to definition on the circle. This argues a closed cultural system comparatively impervious to incursion from external sources.

 

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Business Ethics for The Board of Directors

An instance of these kinds of an ethical failure occurred at Livent [based in Canada]. Livent was founded in 1989 being a creator and promoter of live entertainment extravaganzas presented primarily it its very own theatres. In took the principal actors in Livent about 10 years to wreak financial havoc across the arts communities in Canada and also the north eastern United States. The company was forced into bankruptcy, and it doesn't formally exist today outside courtrooms. The company's 1997 annual report, however, included the following statement:

Livent is often a business piloted by an enduring vision, which takes tangible type inside a varied portfolio of intriguing theatrical productions that derive their vitality in the total commitment of their producers and creators. Matthew Arnold as soon as wrote "the theatre is irresistible - organize the theatre;" Livent shares that conviction; it is an firm grounded in a passion. The Company's belief in its own jobs ensures that that work will often be presented towards the best advantage. A strict focus on price control, together with our strategy of vertically integrating our operations, enables Livent to maximize financial performance, dollars flow and profit. And with new productions in continual development, fashioned towards exact same rigorous standards as their predecessors, the vision will constantly renew itself. (Livent Inc.

At the time the around statement was published, the business had been dodging bullets from disgruntled investors, unpaid employees and actors, and confused regulators in Canada and the United States for about two years. A single with the Livent principals, Garth Drabinsky, attempted to portray himself on CBC's Fifth Estate (an in-depth news magazine program) as an innocent victim of more than zealous regulators from the United States, as he continued to resist efforts to appear in a United States court.

 

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Amazon.Com Began

Meanwhile, however, Amazon had steadily grown its business, selling not merely books but also accessories of all kinds--even, at 1 point, cars, though that choice was reversed. Saunders attributes Amazon's survival in the dot-com issues towards reality how the company evolved from a purely "click" to a "brick and click" company type (2002, p. 31). That is, it utilized the world wide web being a support mechanism for your relatively normal mail-order shipping operation. The web was a tool, not an end in itself--a lesson that several dot-coms did not learn.

It does reallocate them, however. What is not spent on literal window dressing it have to spend on shipping personnel and warehousing. Which is simply because operations all take in place within the background, out of sight from the customers, who want a thing only: results within the type of timely deliveries.

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Delta Air Lines to Cut Up to 8000 More Jobs,

The article then lists the profit/loss statement of every with the over companies, plus the projected loss by Thomson Very first Call.

Although Delta Air Lines has posted a loss of $326 million and announced that it is going to cut more jobs, as Leo F. Mullin, chief executive, told employees, they hoped to obtain this through voluntary leave, early retirement, and severance programs (\"Delta Air Lines. . .,\" 2002). This announcement will possibly also encourage any employees who had been considering of moving to new position in a numerous company to try and do so from the near future. Although several companies have over-hired to a certain extant and have to \"trim the fat,\" when lay-offs of this magnitude occur

Managers might have to shoulder responsibilities that they formerly passed on to others in their department, although some employees may well suddenly have new routines foisted upon them, leading to possible inaccurate reports and delays. In addition, there is the likely decrease in morale, which might bring about an added decrease in productivity.

Of much more concern, on a larger scale, will be the ripple effect that such work cuts can have on the economy as a whole, particularly before the holidays, as thousands of persons lose access to expendable dollars and buying power.

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The Important of Art

I would also argue that art require not be strictly representational, but can be abstract.

The definition of art is, therefore, somewhat elusive. With respect to the inherent significance of art, it's my belief that art need to serve some purpose, even if the functionality just isn't profound or readily discernible. As Hughes maintains in the finding of engravings and paintings inside the Cro-Magnon era, "?they are of singular vitality and power, and despite their inscrutability to current eyes, they will greatly enrich our picture of Cro-Magnon life," (183). Likewise, a Disney animated film is a type of art just as the ceiling in the Sistine Chapel inside the Vatican is an art form. What creates art or an art product or service valuable could be the response on the audience and the effect of the work. The monetary importance of art might ultimately be much less crucial than the emotional or intellectual response that it evokes in its audiences.

Artistic experience arises largely from imagination. This requires to sets of imaginative or creative impulses - that if the artist-creator and that in the audience-receiver. Artists are inspired to generate a work or art in any of a number of types by some inner spark. Plato thought that this spark originated inside Divine (McLean and Aspell, 163), but I would suggest that this is not necessarily the case. Artists can and often are inspired by ordinary experiences, responses to others and to objects or ideas, and their personal need to create. The works of Toni Morrison may perhaps act as an example. To your artist, the act or procedure of generating can be inherently valuable.

Hughes, Robert. "Behold the Stone Age." During the Arts. 182-186.

Likewise, we see that an additional benefit of art is to supply a historical record of any range of manners, customs, rituals, practices and values of previous cultures and civilizations. The findings of archeologists in caves of etchings and paintings of Cro-Magnon civilization provide a wealth of knowledge about just who these persons have been and how they notion and lived. In addition, prior to this find, Hughes maintains that "We [were] apt to suppose that Cro-Magnon cave art was rare and exceptional," (184). In other words, without this find, we would have surmised this culture and civilization did not even attempt to produce art, allow alone art holding so much insight into their fundamental nature and customs.

Further, audiences tend to bring to art experiences a set of very own values, norms and expectations that greatly influence their reaction towards the work. Most people know from their education that Leonardo and Michelangelo created "great art" which is valuable each aesthetically and monetarily. Quite a few persons are much less convinced from the aesthetic or monetary significance of a cartoon drawing of Superman - which, in the hand of Andy Warhol, has been named "great at" and valued at a high price. Many people see particular types of art productions as vulgar or at least as unpleasant. However, even as soon as we do not enjoy various art forms, in those we do there is often some sort of cultural or societal shared significance during the represented symbols of a jobs of art.

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Photographers Specialized in Depicting Nature

Porter was also 1 of the first from the professional naturalist photographers to use color. "When color film became offered in the 1940s, it was not extremely regarded by people photographers who practiced photography as an art. They disparaged color photography as as well literal a medium for persona interpretation" (Anon 1996 101). Porter had a ready answer for his use of color film: "As my color photography shifted inside portrayal of birds to other nature objects, I started out to realize that their appeal depended very largely on a subtleties of color lost when the subject was rendered in black-and-white?" (Anon 1996 176).

As his portfolio grew, so did some of the awards and prizes he won for his photography. For example, his Region Life won the silver medal at an International Exhibition of wildlife photography in 1950. Porter also won numerous distinctions and awards from his property region of Maine, where he


had settled, and was awarded an honorary Doctorate from Colby College as well as the University of Albuquerque. In between his most famous monographs of Nature are "Maple Sapling and Rock, Massachusetts, April 18, 1957", "Sculptured Rock, Marble Canyon, Arizona, 1967)", "Sandflowers and Sand Dune, Colorado, (1959)_" and "Hawkweed in Meadow, Great Spruce Island, Maine (1968)" (Alterimage 1981 6).

Here is what a single critic, writing in Modern-day Photography, had to say about porter's work: "A Porter photograph of a landscape (or detail of one) is, very first of all, a contemplation. Typically, it is quiet. But it is the quiet of one who has shrugged off his backpack at trailside to rest a moment. The resulting quiet just isn't an exhausted but a studious one" (Anon 1996 116). What this writer is referring to, obviously, is that Porter's photography is intensely personal. We get not merely color, as well as the nuances of shade and light, but also the feeling of motion, just like his photographs of water which, although nevertheless photography, has a movement to it that not only any picture taker can capture.

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Research proposal

A research proposal is a paper written as a prerequisite to a research and a research proposal written before the actual research. A research proposal is a guide that will help the researcher to do the actual research. A research proposal is going to help the person who is going to do the research knew what to do and at what stage it is.

A research proposal shows how the research itself is like the plot of house guiders, the builders to know how to build the house the research proposal will help the researcher to follow it and plan how the actual research will appear like. In the research proposal, there is a detailed account of how the actual research is including the methods that used such as the survey and the questionnaires if that is what is in the research itself.

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Best PhD to get

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