Corruption

F&D/3/98/2-21

3/19/98 8:55 PM

Page 7

Corruption and Development
C H E RY L W. G R AY A N D DA N I E L K A U F M A N N

What argon the principal causes
and costs of rot?
This article examines these
questions and suggests
specific ways to enhance
anti depravity efforts in
developing and transition
economies.

C

ERTAIN CLAIMS about rot in developing countries are
often heard: bribery and corruption
shadow have positive effects; corruption is endemic all over; the costs of
addressing corruption are prohibitively
high; and the few resources that exist
should be spent on enforcement measures,
such as high-profile government watchdog
agencies. But, in fact, there is increasing
evidence that the economic costs of corruption are enormous; levels of corruption
vary widely among developing countries;
controlling corruption is feasible; and
strategies to address corruption need to
pay more(prenominal) attention to its root causesand
thus to the roles of incentives, prevention,
and specific economic and institutional
reforms.





The onetime(prenominal) few years have seen growing
public recognition and reciprocation of the
problem of corruption, including in addresses to the World lodge-IMF Annual
Meetings by World Bank President James
Wolfensohn and IMF Managing Director
Michel Camdessus, lengthy discussions in
the 1996 and 1997 editions of the World
Development Report , internal business forces on
corruption in the World Bank and the IMF
(which have submitted reports to their
various(prenominal) Executive Boards and to the joint
Development Committee), the increasing
influence of the nongovernmental organization (NGO) Transparency International, the
musical arrangement for Economic Cooperation
and Developments (OECD) recent landmark resolving to criminalize bribery
abroad, and a rapidly growing body of notional and empirical literature on corruption and its economic impact. Equally
coition is the willingness of many public
officials in emerging economies...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com



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