leadership and management :: essays research papers

The Functions of managementHenri Fayol first person to come up with a list of functions or elements of managementPlanning setting objectives and excessively strategies, policies, programmes and procedures for achieving them.Organising managers set tasks which need to be preformed if the business pauperizations to achieve its objectives.Commanding this implicates great(p) instructions to subordinates to carry out tasks. The manager has the authority to patch up decisions.Co-ordinating this is the livery together of the activities of people within the business.Controlling managers measure and correct the activities of individuals and groups, to make sure that their performance fits in with plans.The management processPeter Drucker assort the operations of management into five categoriesSetting objectives for the organisationJob bar assessing whether the business has met its objectivesOrganising the executeMotivating employeesDeveloping people the management should i mpart out the best in peopleFour styles of management despotical orders come form the top, and no leeway is allowedDemocratic less centralised, allow space for initiativeLaissez faire arises from over worked or lazy management, staff is go away to their own devicesPaternalistic decision making is still centralised nevertheless a noticeable attention and care for staffMcGregors possibleness X & YDouglas McGregor undertook a survey of managers in the USA and place two styles of management, which he called Theory X and Theory Y.Theory X managers tend to distrust their subordinates they believe employees do not enjoy their work and that need to be controlled. Theory X is about the views managers have on their workforce.Theory Y managers believe that employees do enjoy their work and they want to contribute ideas and effort. Theory Y manager is more likely to involve employees in decisionsWhy do rifleer adopt different styles?Fiedler argued that it is easier to neuter someone s role or power, or to modify the business he has to do, than to change his leadership style. He found that it is delicate for people to change their leadership styles an autocrat will always lead in n autocratic style. Fiedler suggested that a business should attempt what he called leadership match to find a leader to fit the situation. loss leader can either be task orientated or kind orientatedHersey and Blanchard argued that a leaders strategy should not unless take account of the situation, but also the maturity of those who are led. A leader will have task behaviour or relationship behaviour.