The 35th President of the United States

Co-equal with the civil rights bill on Johnson's agenda was the anti-poverty bill, which also passed during the same session, authorizing $947.5 million for youth programs, companionship action anti-poverty measures in rural areas, small business loans, and seam training, including Job Corps for Youth. As many in the copulation and the nation reacted like a cobra listening to a snake-charmer, Johnson switched his energies to financial matters.

The President's prototypal budget submitted to the sexual intercourse for its consideration included his economy-in-government drive, which proposed a $1.1 cardinal chuck out in defense spending, and only $3.4 billion in contrasted encourage, the smallest amount requested in 16 years. The Congress, eager to capitalize on its earlier momentum, granted income and embodied tax reductions of more than $11 billion over a two year period; appropriated $5.2 billion for NASA's space program, which Kennedy had urged the Congress to do in a major policy cross to the nation; appropriated $1.1 billion for federal housing and urban mutation; and appropriated $375 million for a three-year program of transportation development in congested urban areas. In May 1964, President Johnson and Latin American leaders signed loan agreements and commitments bringing essence U. S. funds for the Alliance For Progress program to $430 million since the previous(prenominal) December.

The "Great Society" was non initially successful in its attempts to have the Congress appropriate $2

28 million (although the following year it would appropriate $1.1 billion) to aid the impoverished ten-state Appalachia area, where Kennedy had campaigned so vigorously and had pledged his future support, or in its attempts to renew its plea for Medicare. President Johnson's conduct of foreign relations included ongoing, but not bellicose, tensions in Cuba (which had cut off the water supply at the U.S. naval pose at Guantanamo in retaliation for the seizure of Cuban sportfishing vessels in U.S. territorial waters) and in Berlin (where Soviet Air defense team Forces, for the second time, shot down a U.S.

reconnaissance shave which had accidentally crossed into a restricted airspace), Americans dying in the Congo trying to assist in internecine wars, and the U. S. and the U.S.S.R. proceed their efforts to reduce the fear of nuclear war by reduce their stockpiles of materials for nuclear weapons (despite the discovery by the U. S. State Department that a network of telephones had been embedded in the walls of the U. S. Embassy in Moscow). Simultaneously, the Johnson Administration urged and was victorious steps for international cooperation in developing peaceful enforces of atomic energy and for sharing technological advances.

Although most Presidents are not beyond the use of subterfuge to conceal their errors or miscalculations, there appears to be a significant difference in its use by Kennedy and Johnson. Kennedy, for example, was a realist, who surrounded himself, for the most part, with intellectuals. When he was ill-advised, his first instinct was to acknowledge that something wasn't working out, to listen to other ideas, to insure a solution. Later, he would analyze and deal with the errant strategies or advice that were ineffective. Johnson, although no less a realist, became more introverted in the presence of failure. He was inclined to avoid carriers of bad news, and oftentimes his most serious concern was whether others or the public knew of his dilemmas: "The
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